Saturday, December 28, 2019

Police Agencies And The United States Of America - 1407 Words

Many different types of police agencies exist in the United States of America. Each and every police agencies varies from small town police departments to larger federal agencies. The functions of the police agencies usually depend on the type of organization, its size, its mission, and jurisdiction. When selecting an agency that is suitable for you and your interests several things should be considered. In the topic of federal law enforcement agencies, a federal law enforcement agency is an organizational unit with the task of prevention, detection, and investigation of crime and the apprehension of alleged offenders. There are 65 federal agencies and 27 offices of inspector general that employs full-time personnel that are allowed to make arrests and carry firearms (Types of Law Enforcement Agencies, 2015). Examples of federal law enforcement agencies include the U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Secret Service, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF). According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in the year of 2004 the most of the Federal officers were U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Federal Bureau of Prisons, the FBI, and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, with each having over 10,000 officers, (Types Of Law Enforcement Agencies, 2015), but in the census of federal law enforcement officers which happened in 2 008 some agencies that employed full-time officers, who had authority of federal arrest,Show MoreRelatedThe History of Police Agencies and Different Types of Law Enforcement877 Words   |  4 PagesDevelopment of Police Agencies: Policing in the United States has mainly been based and expanded on the ideas of English way of policing. The English way of policing has not only been used as the basis for American policing but it has also been used to commence an era of evolving police agencies. In its early years, policing in the United States was largely regarded as a civic duty or responsibility of community members. The appointed officers were neither trained nor paid for their servicesRead MorePolice Jurisdiction Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Police Agencies and their Jurisdictions Chelsea Peterson CJA/240 December 10, 2011 Professor Konopasek History of Police Agencies and their Jurisdictions The development of police agencies can be followed back to the Early English colonial days. As time continued, so did the improvements of the police agencies of law enforcement today. The first police department was established in 1731 was theRead MorePolice Functions And Units Of The United States1139 Words   |  5 Pages Police Functions Units Stephanie Miranda In the United States of America, the police have functions and specific units to coordinate those functions. The role of the police has become important throughout the years with the increase of crime. The police are responsible for enforcing criminal law, maintaining law and order, and investigating crimes. The law and the constitution is where one’s safety and liberty comes from, meaning that the police are the ones making the primaryRead MoreModule 3 : Discussion Board755 Words   |  4 Pagespolicing in the United States? Please substantiate your conclusions with examples and any supporting data. September 11, 2016 will mark the 15th anniversary of the largest attack, on American soil, in history. Airplanes struck the twin towers, crashed in Pennsylvania, and hit the Pentagon. Since the events of September 11, 2001 new initiatives and tools are now available to reduce threats to our security from terrorists and have changed law enforcement and policing in the United States. Today thereRead MoreHistory of Police Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of Police History of Police The role of police officers is very significant to American history. Police work toward protecting citizens’ rights and helping America become the land of the free. The United States of America is built from the U.S. Constitution Bill of Rights and police play a major role in making sure American rights are met. Evolution has changed many of American history for the better; policing is part of those changes. As new issues in society arise, police must changeRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 1608 Words   |  7 Pagesthe idea of western civilization to becoming a police state, such as in North Korea, or the one in George Orwell’s novel, ‘1984’? North American society is drifting towards becoming a police state at an ever increasing rate. This is shown in how North Americans are slowly losing their rights, the police force acting above the law, and the monitoring of citizens by government agencies. According to Merriam-Webster, the definition of a police state is â€Å"a country in which the activities of the peopleRead MoreHistory and Structure of Policing Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesMany people know of the police officers of today’s world and that it is their job to enforce the laws set by their government, but not many people know the history of your typical everyday United States police officer or how they came about. The idea for neither your everyday police officer nor his or her department they work for or how a police department operates, originated in the United States. Over the years though America has made changes and adapted its system over the years to make it moreRead MoreHistory Of Police. The United States’ Early Policing Was1265 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of Police The United States’ early policing was rooted in the ancient system of British common law (Reppetto, 2010). The system depended heavily on watch groups and citizen volunteers. The U.S. has taken up a lot of initiatives to reform its system of policing since the 1960s. President Lyndon Johnson played an integral part to facilitate early reforms to policing. The primary functions of police in the US include law enforcement, protection of property, and limiting of civil disorder. PoliceRead MorePaper984 Words   |  4 Pagesthe laws, and the way things were done, it would not be until 1829 that the first metropolitan police department would be created in London, England. This police department would have jurisdiction over the entire city of London (Learn History, 2004). It would not be until 1838, 9 years post the creation of the London Police Department, that the U.S. would have its first metropolitan police department established in Boston, Massachusetts. However, many cities had night watchers, civilianRead MoreRationale , Pros and Cons of the Dual Law Enforcement System888 Words   |  4 PagesCriminal Justice System â€Å"The judicial system of the United States is unique in so far as it is actually made up of two different court systems, the Federal Court System and the State Court System†. ( United States Courts). â€Å"The U. S. Constitution created a governmental structure for the United States known as Federalism. The Constitution gives certain powers to the federal government and reserves the res for the states.. The Constitution states that the governments is supreme with regard to those

Friday, December 20, 2019

English Lit 6 Poem Essay - 3355 Words

‘Compare the treatment of love in some of the poems you have studied ’ Poem at Thirty-nine, My last Duchess, Remember, Anne Hathaway, Havisham On my first Sonne. Poets have written love poems for centuries with the first said to be around 1000BC. But what is love? It is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as ‘ to have attachment to and affection for’. However, after studying various love poems, I have found that love is portrayed in many different ways. It can be possessive, hateful and pure and the fact that William Shakespeare said ‘The course of true love never did run smooth’ suggests that love is more complicated than a simple dictionary definition. ‘Remember’ is in the form of an Italian sonnet in which Christina†¦show more content†¦The poem is extremely moving and sad, but I think the speaker feels proud of her father and this is suggested at the end of the poem where she develops similar characteristics to him: ‘cooking, writing..’ and how she is ‘happy to feed whoever strays my way’ like her father. Walker does this to express that a part of her father belongs to her and she is proud of these similarities, which keep him alive in her memory long after his death. I think it is interesting that Walker uses phrases such as ‘I look and cook just like him’ because this creates a positive mood in the poem and contrasts the sorrow showing how her despite her fathers death, he lives on through her. Furthermore, Walker’s strict upbringing is suggested by the ‘beating’ she sometimes received; however, she did not judge her father,as she was thankful for the morals she was taught and the importance of telling the truth. The idea that she has done someShow MoreRelatedYolo1583 Words   |  7 PagesDEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE College of Arts and Sciences San Beda College COURSESYLLABUS First Semester, AY2014-2015 San Beda College, a Catholic educational institution, is committed to the Christian formation of the Bedan Community as its service to the Church, the Philippine society, and the world. Vision : San Beda College envisions a community that is Fully Human, Wholly Christian, Truly Filipino, and Globally Competitive. 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Eavan Boland and Eilean Ni Chuilleanain are both female Irish poets whose work focuses primarily on the issue of identity as a fragile, constructed thing. This essay will use close examination of both Boland and Ni Chuilleanain’s work in order to explore how two separate female poets dealRead MoreCarol Ann Duffy Poems Analysis8144 Words   |  33 PagesOriginally Introduction Memories play a significant role in the poetry of Carol Ann Duffy, particularly her recollections of childhood places and events. The poem â€Å"Originally,† published in The Other Country (1990), draws specifically from memories of Duffys familys move from Scotland to England when she and her siblings were very young. The first-born child, Duffy was just old enough to feel a deep sense of personal loss and fear as she traveled farther and farther away from the only place sheRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 PagesHSC Subject Guide Belonging 2009 HSC: Area of Study – English - related material English HSC 2009 - 2012 is Belonging. What does belonging mean? From the Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus: belong, verb, 1) to be rightly put into a particular position or class; 2) fit or be acceptable in a particular place or environment; 3) belong to be a member of; 4) belong to be the property or possession of. Belonging, noun, affiliation, acceptance, association, attachment, integration, closeness, rapport,Read More Postmodernist Features in Vonneguts Cats Cradle2907 Words   |  12 PagesPostmodernist Features in Vonneguts Cats Cradle Cats Cradle is a book, which enables many points for literary discussions. One possible topic of them could be the postmodernist features in this book. 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Thursday, December 12, 2019

Anthropology And Development Critical Perspectives On Globalisation

Question: Discuss about the Anthropology And Development Critical Perspectives On Globalisation And Inequality. Answer: Introduction Globalisation and the diverse phenomenon associated with it have resulted in several curious issues for the social scientific researchers and the observers. From the last literature, it cannot be said that what actually Globalisation means or whether it is happening or not. But there has been continuous discussions related to Globalisation and its impact on the societies and the regions from last few decades. The aspect of Globalisation is completely unavoidable and has a direct impact upon the factors related to ethical regimes, political governance, social regulations and the economic regimes. All these aspects have resulted in several negative, contradictory and confusing implications upon human life. The emergence of the global cities and a developing a strong network based society has resulted in occurrence of numerous challenges which are the part of the Globalisation process (Matei, 2014). Globalisation is related with the primary areas of change that has resulted in extended market transformation across the globe. The concept of Globalisation can be explained as integration of a regions economy with that of the world economy. And such integration has widely resulted in occurrence of several issues and challenges which the paper will highlight in respect with the impact of Globalisation. The paper will also throw lights upon the most crucial issues which are the result of continuous developments and Globalisation and has been broadened by the anthropological approaches such as inequality among the masses. Understanding the issues of Anthropology, Development, Globalisation and Inequality The continuous practice of Globalisation and developments across the world has led to a series of issues and challenges which is weakening the roots of the culture and environment of various nations. Starting with the assessment of the negative social and cultural impacts of policies and processes associated with Globalisation and natural resource development, it can be analyzed that with increased interaction of individuals from diverse nations, unprecedented mobility, enhanced recognition of the human rights and better economic conditions have dented the individuals or nations local culture. The increased number of immigrants and transnational workforce, an outcome of Globalisation, are scattering the diverse cultures in several nations resulting in a unified global culture which comprises of a mixture of several different regional cultures (Thomas and Kamari Clarke, 2013). The international populations have started sharing identical life styles, attitudes, aspirations and social v alues. There has been given a new meaning to the human life as the core social values, the spiritual practices and the local culture are getting reframed as a result of increased Globalisation practices. It is the Globalisation which can be mark responsible for the change and modification of the life style and outlook of the individuals across the globe (Baylis, Owens and Smith, 2017). The change or the negative social and cultural impacts can be analyzed by taking examples of several Asian countries where earlier there were used to be a completely male dominated societies. The key earners and the sole face of the families were the male members and the female members of the society were only responsible for managing the in-house activities. But the practices of Globalisation have resulted in a fatal blow of such kind of socio-cultural practices of those nations. Today women have a participation and involvement in almost all the spheres of the economy of these Asian countries and it has given a massive challenge to male dominant societies (De Beukelaer, Pyykkonen and Singh, 2015). Other social and cultural impact can be identified as the involvement of the western culture in the domestic culture of various nations. The joint family systems were one of the most recognized socio-cultural practices of some of the nations which has been challenged and dissolved due to the continuous Globalisation. Now the individuals prefer leading an independent life and have become extremely blunt in breaking the social norms of having improved relations with the family and elder ones (O'Bannon, et al., 2014). Mixing of western culture with the regional cultural practices has resulted incomplete deterioration of the socio-cultural norms and practices of unified family systems. Other impacts upon the social and cultural practices can be realized as, earlier in various countries there were used to follow a number of religious practices as per the respective cultures if the nations. But rise of Globalisation, has developed a sense of reasoning among the individuals which have weake ned the roots of these well-established practices (Knox, Marston and Imort, 2016). As well as the workplace integration of diverse cultures has resulted in integration of the religious and socio-cultural practices too and as a negative outcome, it has blurred the old established religious practices which were primarily the foundation of differentiating individuals on the basis of their diverse religions. Thus, from the overall analysis, it can clearly and critically analyze that Globalisation has extremely affected the socio-cultural fabric of various nations. The shared practices and experiences have offered a new meaning to the lives of individuals and have led to a sudden and big change in the social and cultural practices of the nations (Jindal, 2013). The resource development practices have also encountered number of changes and negative implications upon the social and cultural practices of the nations. Analyzing from the perspectives of the Asia-pacific regions, it can be said that the resource development possesses the potential to have deteriorate the surrounding developments, economies overlaying, communities and the environments (Eriksen, 2016). Contrariwise, these resource developments also results in opportunities by the conversion of the various natural resources into the business and infrastructure development, skills and social capabilities development and financial resources. The environmental, social and the economic changes are interlinked as the development of natural resources can have a direct impact upon the ecosystems which can result in disruption of the environmental services which are extensively offered by these eco-systems and can then affect the economies as well as the individuals as they are heavily reli ant upon all such services for their livelihood. The social and cultural impacts of natural resource developments are also dynamic in nature (Fabinyi, Evans and Foale, 2014). For instance, the development of the employment opportunities is recognized as an advantage of these developments but may result in social challenges if the required knowledge and competence is not regionally available. The un-planned as well as the planned in-migration of the individuals and the related population rise may result in increased demands for the various social services such as social and physical infrastructure, commerce and housing, education and health. The correct management of the population growth may lead to improved services and infrastructure whereas the ineffective management may result in deterioration of the existing services and infrastructure as well as occurrence of future challenges (Benera, Berik and Floro, 2015). The natural resource development also possesses the potential to dis turb the present usage of land in respect with fishing, tourism and agriculture. Because of the increase in the activities of resource developments, there can be experienced a sudden increase in the demand for the services and goods which can ultimately result in rise in the prices (Haviland, et al., 2013). The individuals who works within the agricultural as well as service industries usually do not get an equal amount of pay in comparison with the workers of resource sector, may not possess the buying power to afford goods at such upsurge costs. Contrary, if these developments are planned and managed in an effective manner then it can result in rise of opportunities for strengthening the economies and the regional businesses as well as the generation of the taxes and royalties. From the overall perspective, the socio-cultural impacts of these developments may result in out-migration, in-migration, tensions and conflicts among social groups increased demands for infrastructure and housing, change in social norms, corruption, and change in traditions, impacts upon cultural heritage, land mobility, pollution and disruption of economies (Franks, 2012). There are some of the key theoretical and ideological issues concerning development and increased level of Globalisation. The first key theoretical aspect is the ideology in the theory of institutional change. This shows the level of imbalance that take place as a result of price variations. As per the economic theory of institutional change which was grounded on the development of the relative prices, it is analyzed that when once there occurs any kind of change in the relative prices, the people tend to adjust themselves and adapt. But later on with continuous rise in developments and Globalisation, there is sudden change and increase in the prices of the goods, services, agricultural products, infrastructure, etc. which provokes the institutional imbalance and as a negative outcome there takes place private land holdings (Mosse and Lewis, 2006). And for the transformation of these imbalances into institutional changes, it is essential that there must be some final consensus as the re is a need of some new practice. The second theoretical aspect which can be used to understand the development and Globalisation impacts is the dependency theory (Facchini and Melki, 2011). There is a relation of dependency between the underdeveloped Global South and developed North that results in extreme exploitation, oppression and dependency by the means of economic and political factors for example neo-colonialism, unsustainable debt and import tariffs on raw materials (Hilgers, 2010). There has been identified continuous development and success of the industries of the developed nations as a result of Globalisations and development and conditions of underdevelopment, diversion of resource, negative impacts of social, economic, cultural and environmental conditions, inequality, and disparities of power in the Asian regions (Petrescu, 2013). After acquiring and analyzing a broad based understanding of the contemporary Anthropology in relation to global development issues and Asia-Pacific contexts it can be stated that there are majorly two lines of anthropological association with development. The primary and the first line refer to the notion of development and Globalisation as a progress in context with investments, planning, modernization, transfer of knowledge and reforms (Hirst, Thompson and Bromley, 2015). This approach of anthropology and development is well recognized as big D-development. But it is also criticized for offering the complete controlling power to the Global North of any kind of change taking place in the developing nations (Crewe and Axelby, 2012). This aspect is considered as neo-colonial as well as screening the global economic and political strategies of control even after a complete end of the period of colonialism. The critiques of anthropology have decried this approach of development by stat ing it as EuroAmerican-centrist, evolutionary and oversimplifying of the individual similarities at the cost of having huge differences among the societies and the cultures. And such kind of critique has raised number of questions upon the anthropology engagement with development by questioning the colonial roots and emphasizing serious consideration of the validity and value of anthropology in supporting the various developing nations. The second line of the association of anthropology and development is the study of the various processes of development as the endogenic processes that result in contradictory and negative outcomes creating the situations of social in/exclusion and inequality (Milanovic, 2016).f It can critically analyzed and stated that such small or little d-developments results in geographical unevenness across the globe and also refers to wide, relating processes of international change and primarily capitalism. There is a vast difference from the big D-developme nt as the latter refers to achieving progress, developing practices, policies and ideas whereas the little d-development refers to the practice of development as an unintentional practice which also comprises of the study of the already existing development processes. Thus, the critical anthropology of development considers and analyzes development in terms of the interaction among the several systems of knowledge and actors as well as the structural processes. Therefore, the little d-development aspect brings bottom-up, unintended and the relational factors into the development processes that are required to be controlled by the big D-development. There is a study of both these approaches of development and anthropology but there is difference in the approaches (Bakker and Nooteboom, 2017). Over the past few decades, the rapidly increasing Globalisation and anthropology engagement with developments have resulted in huge investments by the transnational companies in the natural resources as well as the farmlands. The lands taken use were not empty as well as were also not wild but were used by the nomadic individual and the farmers whose livelihood and earnings were completely lost because of directly threatened to take use of those lands anymore. In anthropological aspect, such issues related to precarization of rural livelihoods have being studied in terms of exclusion of the indigenous people, small scale farmers, extractive commodity chains, food insecurity and land grabs (Collier and Ong, 2005). At the same time, as discussed above, as an impact of Globalisation and development, the transnational organisations enhanced the exploitation of the scare natural resources in the regions of Global South and thus resulting in the curious situations of putting pressure upon the Global South from the Global North for access to infrastructure, land, labor and natural resources. All such diverse aspects of Globalisation, anthropology approach and developments have resulted in increased issues and challenges faced by the majority of Third World people (O'brien and Williams, 2016). Conclusion In the paper, it has been critically analyzed and argued that Globalisation is not only useless but also very harmful for the economies of various developing nations and specifically the Asia-Pacific regions. It has offered some temporary reliefs to the several global economies with the aspect of foreign investments but has worsened the situations with its other associated negative implications. From the paper and various critical analyses, it can be concluded that instead of improving the lives of the majority of the Third World individuals in past few decades, the results have deteriorated their lives in various aspects as discussed above in the paper. As a byproduct of continuous developments, anthropology approach and Globalisation, there has been caused some of the enduring damage to the global economies, socio-cultural factors and the environment and have imposed deep-rooted negative impacts on the Global South and mainly the Asia-Pacific regions. The paper concludes that there is a vital need to manage the impact of these developments and Globalisation so that all the regions receives an equal benefits and the issues such as inequality can be eliminate from the developing countries. Thus, from the analyses of various social and cultural impacts of policies and processes associated with Globalisation and natural resource development, the Asia-Pacific region concerning development issues, theoretical and ideological issues concerning development and contemporary Anthropology in relation to global development issues and Asia-Pacific contexts, it can be concluded that instead of improving the livelihood of the people, these aspects of Globalisation and development are threatening their sustainable living and resulting into increased dependency upon the developed economies. References Bakker, L., Nooteboom, G. (2017). Anthropology and inclusive development.Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,24, 63-67. Baylis, J., Owens, P., Smith, S. (Eds.). (2017).The Globalisation of world politics: An introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press. Benera, L., Berik, G., Floro, M. (2015).Gender, development and Globalisation: economics as if all people mattered. Routledge. Collier, S. J., Ong, A. (2005). Global assemblages, anthropological problems.Global assemblages: Technology, politics, and ethics as anthropological problems, 3-21. Crewe, E., Axelby, R. (2012).Anthropology and development: Culture, morality and politics in a globalised world. Cambridge University Press. De Beukelaer, C., Pyykkonen, M., Singh, P. J. (2015). Globalisation, Culture and Development. The UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity. Eriksen, T. H. (2016). The three crises of globalisation: an anthropological history of the early 21st century. Fabinyi, M., Evans, L., Foale, S. (2014). Social-ecological systems, social diversity, and power: insights from anthropology and political ecology.Ecology and Society,19(4). Facchini, F., Melki, M. (2011). Ideology and Cultural Change: A Theoretical Approach. Franks, D. (2012). Social impact assessment of resource projects.International Mining for Development Centre,3. Haviland, W. A., Prins, H. E., McBride, B., Walrath, D. (2013).Cultural anthropology: the human challenge. Cengage Learning. Hilgers, M. (2010). The three anthropological approaches to neoliberalism.International Social Science Journal,61(202), 351-364. Hirst, P., Thompson, G., Bromley, S. (2015).Globalisation in question. John Wiley Sons. Jindal, J. (2013). Globalisation-Its Socio-Economic Impact in India. International Journal of Emerging Research in Management Technology. (Volume-2, Issue-12). Knox, P. L., Marston, S. A., Imort, M. (2016).Human geography: Places and regions in global context. Pearson. Matei, C. S. (2014). GlobalisationAn Anthropological Approach.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,149, 542-546. Milanovic, B. (2016). Global inequality: A new approach for the age of Globalisation.PANOECONOMICUS,63(4), 493-501. Mosse, D., Lewis, D. (2006). Theoretical approaches to brokerage and translation in development.Development brokers and translators: The ethnography of aid and agencies, 1-26. O'Bannon, C., Carr, J., Seekell, D. A., D'Odorico, P. (2014). Globalisation of agricultural pollution due to international trade.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,18(2), 503. O'brien, R., Williams, M. (2016).Global political economy: Evolution and dynamics. Palgrave Macmillan. Petrescu, D. N. (2013). IDEOLOGIES OF DEVELOPMENT: THEIR EVOLUTION AND INFUENCE OVER THE DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION PARADIGMS.Annals of University of Oradea, Fascicle Sociology-Philosophy Social Work, (12). Thomas, D. A., Kamari Clarke, M. (2013). Globalisation and race: structures of inequality, new sovereignties, and citizenship in a neoliberal era.Annual Review of Anthropology,42, 305-325.